• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method for analyzing marine subsoil (1) in which: - at least one source ship (2a) emits seismic pulses, - the reflected seismic pulses are detected by seismic streamers (31 to 34) immersed and towed next to each other, - the seismic flutes are located geographically by a geographical location device (70a, 70b, 75, 76, 78), the seismic flutes are located relative to each other by a device relative positioning comprising acoustic beacons, a method in which training vessels (5, 6) draw the flutes, during turns, at a depth distinct from one training vessel to the other so as to allow a crossing of seismic flutes one above the other.
    公开号:FR3044427A1
    申请号:FR1502488
    申请日:2015-11-30
    公开日:2017-06-02
    发明作者:Thibaut Choquer；Sebastien Delecraz
    申请人:KAPPA OFFSHORE SOLUTIONS MARINE OPERATIONS SERVICE；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The technical sector of the present invention is that of geological analysis systems by seismic prospecting of the seabed.
    The seismic flutes, also designated by seismic lines or in English by "streamer", are acoustic antennas towed generally by a laboratory ship, in particular for the oil exploration. A seismic streamer consists of an assembly of sections several tens of meters long each and each comprising a plurality of seismic sensors and associated electronic components to form a linear acoustic antenna. A laboratory ship usually deploys several seismic flutes of several kilometers each. All these seismic flutes constitute a network of towed seismic flutes.
    The laboratory vessel generally tows one or more seismic sources capable of generating a source signal suitable for seismic acquisition. For example, a seismic source consists of a network of submerged air guns. The acquisition of geophysical data is carried out by the sensors of the seismic flutes, usually in the form of hydrophones. The pressure wave generated by the seismic source crosses the water column to the seabed. This seismic wave is reflected or refracted by the seabed and the underlying geological structures. The returned wave representative of the geological structure of the sea floor can thus be analyzed and exploited.
    Seismic exploration campaigns can be scheduled over periods of weeks or months. The seismic flutes are generally dragged at low speeds of between 3 and 6 knots. In addition, the turns to join together two straight lines of acquisition are long and complex phases generally unusable for seismic exploration. Marine seismic survey includes the analysis of an extended geographical area generally covered by straight-line paths joined together by turns. The seismic flutes are arranged side by side to cover an area of the seabed in relation to the positioning of the seismic source or sources.
    A technical problem results from the optimization of surface installations for effectively covering an underwater area. US-2007/0165486 describes the association of ships, each embodying a seismic source, arranged around seismic lines towed by ships also carrying a seismic source. The use of multiple sources around the seismic lines allows an optimization of the measurements for the analysis of the marine subsoil and also makes it possible to carry out analyzes of the marine subsoil also during the turns of the ships towing the seismic flutes. The fleet requiring multiple source boats, however, mobilizes particularly important resources for its implementation as well as for its operation.
    The present invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art by providing a method and a marine subsoil analysis system including reducing the resources required for its implementation and for its operation.
    This objective is achieved through a marine subsoil analysis method in which: - at least one source ship emits seismic pulses reflected from the seabed and subsoil layers, the reflected seismic pulses are detected during analysis phases, by a plurality of seismic streamers immersed and towed next to each other, the seismic streamers are located geographically by a geographical location device, the seismic streamers are located relative to each other by a relative positioning device comprising acoustic beacons arranged along each seismic streamer, characterized in that a plurality of driving vessels, distinct from said source ship, each tow at least one of said seismic streamers, the seismic streamers being towed, at least during training vessel turns, at least one determined depth distinct from a navi training to the other so as to allow a crossing of at least two seismic streamers, towed by separate training vessels, one above the other.
    According to one particularity of the invention, the analysis phases in a straight line are made between two turns, the training vessels being offset longitudinally in front of each other according to their order of starting the turn, before each turn, the flutes submerged and towed seismic data are then positioned at stepped depths from one training vessel to another and at decreasing depths from the first training ship starting the turn to the last ship of training starting the turn.
    According to another feature of the invention, prior to each turn, the seismic flutes towed by the same training vessel are also positioned at stepped depths at increasing or decreasing depths from the outermost flute of the flute turn the most inside the turn.
    According to another feature of the invention, prior to each turn, the training vessels are shifted longitudinally by a successive shift by going from the outer flute to the turn to the inner flute at the turn.
    According to another feature of the invention, prior to each turn, at least the submerged flute at the smallest depth is attached to a tail buoy carrying a first geographical location beacon realizing a geographical location of the rear end of said flute.
    According to another particularity of the invention, the seismic streamers are located geographically at least by the location of a plurality of second location markers each disposed in one of the training vessels.
    According to another particularity of the invention, the seismic flutes are located geographically by: relative positioning of acoustic beacons arranged at the rear ends of the flutes with respect to at least one acoustic beacon carried by at least one location vessel, distinct from the training, such as the source ship, and geographic location of at least one third location marker disposed in said location vessel.
    According to another feature of the invention, at least two seismic streamers are separated from each other by at least one airfoil so as to produce a low drag and can be towed by the training vessels each having a gross tonnage less than 500 UMS.
    Another object of the invention relates to a marine subsoil analysis system comprising: at least one seismic pulse emission source vessel reflected from the seabed and the layers of the subsoil; of seismic flutes immersed and towed next to each other to receive the reflected seismic pulses, - a device for geographical location of the seismic flutes and - a relative positioning device comprising a plurality of acoustic beacons for locating the seismic streamers relative to each other the others, the acoustic beacons being arranged along each seismic streamer, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of separate training vessels of said source ship and each towing at least one of said seismic streamers, each training vessel comprising a control device for the depth of said towed flute arranged to adjust at least a depth of completed at least from one training vessel to another during training vessel turns so as to allow for the crossing of at least two seismic streamers, towed by separate training vessels, one at above the other.
    According to another feature of the invention, each training vessel tows at least two seismic flutes spaced from each other by at least one airfoil so as to produce a low drag and can be towed by the ships of the invention. each having a gross tonnage of less than 500 UMS.
    According to another feature of the invention, said depth control member is arranged to adjust, at stepped depths, said two seismic flutes towed by the same training vessel, at least during the turns of the ships of the flutes being adjusted to increasing or decreasing depths from the outside of the turn to the inside of the turn.
    According to another particularity of the invention, one of the flutes is attached to a tail buoy carrying a first beacon of geographical location, the depth of this flute being adjusted to a minimum at least during turns.
    According to another feature of the invention, the geographical location device comprises a plurality of second geographical location beacons each disposed in one of the training vessels.
    According to another particularity of the invention, the geographical location device comprises a third beacon of geographical location of at least one rear end of one of the seismic flutes, this third beacon being disposed in a ship of location distinct from the ships of training, such as the source ship, the location vessel comprising a sounding beacon of relative positioning of the rear ends of the seismic streamers each equipped with one of the acoustic beacons at their rear end.
    A first advantage is that the turning phases, not exploited for analysis, are reduced to a minimum and therefore save time.
    Another advantage of the present invention resides in the fact that the training ships can be chosen of low tonnage, or even less than 500 UMS, which reduces their cost and improves their maneuverability, further reducing the turning phases.
    Another advantage of the present invention is that it allows numerous configurations with one or more source ships or a variable number of seismic streamers according to different acquisition geometries and thus allows a wide variety of analyzes.
    Thus, the wide variety of acquisition geometries allows the use of a large number of flutes. Other features, advantages and details of the invention will be better understood on reading the additional description which follows of embodiments given by way of example in relation to drawings in which: - Figure 1 represents a ship driving two seismic flutes each equipped with a tail buoy; Figure 2 shows a side view of the training vessel of Figure 1; FIG. 3 represents a ship driving two seismic flutes at a determined depth; Figure 4 shows a side view of the training vessel of Figure 3; FIG. 5 represents an example of a controller for the depth of a seismic streamer; FIG. 6 represents an exemplary controller for the depth and lateral position of a seismic streamer; FIGS. 7 and 8 each represent an example of a load-bearing wing allowing a lateral offset of the seismic streamer; FIG. 9 represents an example of a buoy disposed at the tail of a seismic flute and carrying an acoustic positioning beacon as well as a geographical positioning beacon; FIGS. 10 and 11 each represent an example of an acoustic positioning beacon; FIGS. 12 to 15 and 12bis represent exemplary configurations for the analysis phases of the marine subsoil; FIGS. 16a, 16b and 16c represent an example of positioning of the streamers prior to a turn respectively according to a view from above, a rear view and a profile view; FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c show another example of positioning flutes prior to a turn respectively in a view from above, a rear view and a profile view; FIGS. 18a, 18b and 18c show another example of positioning flutes before a turn respectively in a view from above, a rear view and a profile view; FIGS. 19a, 19b and 19c show another example of positioning the flutes before a turn respectively in a top view, a rear view and a profile view; - Figures 20 to 26 show different turns patterns according to the invention; Fig. 27 shows an exemplary method according to the invention. The invention will now be described in more detail. The methods of analysis of the marine subsoil comprise, in known manner, the following steps: the emission of seismic pulses by one or more source vessels, these waves being reflected by the sea floor and the layers of the sub -sol, - the detection of the seismic pulses reflected by a network of seismic flutes immersed and towed next to each other, the geographical location of the seismic flutes, that is to say according to a terrestrial reference, for example by a system satellite location, as well as - the relative location of the seismic streamers relative to each other through a system of acoustic beacons disposed immersed along each seismic streamer.
    The data detected and processed by the seismic flutes in relation to their position as well as the position of the seismic source or sources, thus makes it possible to establish a cartography of the marine subsoil. When the seismic flutes are towed by several ships, the data collected by each ship is retransmitted by radio waves to a laboratory ship centralizing all the data allowing the mapping of the marine subsoil.
    The present invention makes it possible to optimize the necessary resources thanks to a configuration of the various vessels and an arrangement of seismic flutes for optimized turns. An example of a method according to the invention is given in FIG. 27. Examples of the means implemented are illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 15. Examples of different configurations used and their use at sea are illustrated in FIGS. 16a to 26 .
    FIG. 1 represents a ship 5 driving two seismic streamers 31 and 32 each equipped with a tail buoy 3a or 3b, the same ship being shown seen from the side in FIG. 2. The ship 5 tows two seismic streamers 31 and 32 making part of a network of flutes. All the seismic flutes of the network towed by several training vessels will be described later.
    The two flutes are separated from each other by bearing wings 101 and 102. Relative positioning acoustic beacons 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 are arranged along each flute. Beacons 9 and 12 are arranged at the head and beacons 7 and 10 at the tail. The acoustic beacons are arranged regularly along each seismic streamer. The immersed beacons emit and thus receive in the water acoustic waves allowing their relative positioning, the acoustic waves 115 of relative positioning being shown schematically in fine lines between the flutes 31 and 32.
    A buoy 3a or 3b is attached to the tail of each flute. Each buoy allows a geographical positioning. Each buoy also includes a relative positioning acoustic beacon, in communication with the other acoustic beacons.
    The number of flutes is not limiting. For example, each training vessel can tow a single seismic streamer. Each training vessel can also tow three seismic flutes or a larger number of seismic flutes.
    The hydrophones, the acoustic beacons and the buoys, in communication with a control unit of the training vessel 5, communicate all the data representative of the signals received to this control unit. The control unit also transmits positioning instructions to adjust the depth of each flute and possibly its lateral positioning. Depth positioning members 105 are regularly arranged for this purpose along each seismic streamer. These depth positioning members 105 are thus in communication with the control unit of the training vessel. The positioning members receive a set of depth and possibly lateral shift and also transmit in real time measurements representative of their depth and possibly their lateral position.
    The data received by the training vessel is for example transmitted to a laboratory ship gathering the data of each training vessel.
    FIG. 3 represents a ship 6 driving two seismic streamers 33 and 34 at a determined depth, this ship 6 being shown in side view in FIG. 4. Here again the ship 6 tows two seismic streamers 33 and 34 forming part of the seismic stream. flutes. The two flutes are separated from one another by bearing wings 103 and 104. Here again, relative positioning acoustic beacons 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are arranged along each flute 33 and 34. Beacons 15 and 18 are in particular arranged at the head and beacons 13 and 16 at the tail. The acoustic beacons are arranged regularly along each seismic streamer. The beacons emit and thus receive acoustic waves allowing their relative positioning, the acoustic waves 115 of relative positioning being shown schematically in fine lines between the flutes 33 and 34.
    The flutes are not attached to a tail buoy, their rear end remaining submerged and free. Each flute is thus devoid of tail buoy. The depth of the flute can advantageously be easily adjusted to different depths more or less important tail of seismic flute that is without attachment to a surface element. Crossings during turns are thus made possible. Moreover changes of configurations are possible. The absolute identification of the seismic flutes will be detailed later. Here again the number of flutes is not limiting. For example, the training vessel can tow a single seismic streamer. The training vessel can also tow three seismic flutes or a larger number of seismic flutes.
    As in FIG. 1, the hydrophones and the acoustic beacons, in communication with a control unit of the training ship 6, communicate all the data representative of the signals received to this control unit. The control unit also transmits positioning instructions to adjust the depth of each flute and possibly its lateral positioning. Depth positioning members 105 are regularly arranged for this purpose along each seismic streamer. These depth positioning members 105 are, again, in communication with the control unit of the training vessel. The data received by the training vessel is for example transmitted to a laboratory ship gathering the data of each training vessel.
    Several training vessels towing seismic streamers, as described in connection with Figures 1 and 3, are used to form the seismic streamer network.
    Figure 5 shows an example of depth control member 105a. This member 105a comprises two maneuverable wings for adjusting the depth.
    Figure 6 shows an example of body 105b for controlling the depth and lateral positioning. This member 105b comprises three maneuverable wings for adjusting the depth and the lateral position.
    The flutes can thus be positioned each at a determined depth and possibly laterally through the elevator control devices, also known as airplanes.
    Figures 7 and 8 each show an example of implementation of a load-bearing wing allowing a lateral shift of the seismic flute at the head of the flute. It may be, as shown in Figure 7, a panel 107 simply attached to the top of the seismic streamer on the one hand and an electro-tractor cable 109 connected to the training ship on the other.
    Figure 8 shows another example of a load-bearing wing. The deflector panel 107 is attached to a curvature limiter 108 connected upstream to an electro-tractor cable 109 itself connected to the training vessel and downstream to the seismic streamer. The curvature limiter 108 is also connected to a link chain 110 with a buoy 111. The length of the chain 110 makes it possible to adjust the depth of the airfoil 107.
    The depth of the seismic flute, downstream of the airfoil 107, can also be adjusted to a different depth. The depth increases for example downstream of the airfoil 107 to reach a set depth from the training vessel.
    A load-bearing wing, also referred to as a deflector, may be used for each flute. One of the seismic flutes towed by the same training vessel can also be left without deflector, this flute then being towed in alignment with the training vessel.
    FIG. 9 represents an example of a seismic flute tail buoy carrying an acoustic positioning beacon 72 and a geographical positioning beacon 70. The buoy 3 is connected by a chain 112 to the rear end 71 of the seismic flute. The acoustic beacon 72 of the buoy 3 allows a relative location of the acoustic beacon 7 tail of seismic flute. The information generated by the acoustic beacon 72 and the geographical beacon 70 are for example transmitted by a cable connected to the seismic flute or by radio waves directly to the laboratory ship.
    Figures 10 and 11 each show an example of acoustic positioning beacon. The acoustic beacon 114 can be integrated into the structure of the flute as shown in FIG. 11. It is also possible to fix the acoustic beacon 113 to the flute by means of clamps, the beacon then being connected to a link module without son embedded in the seismic flute.
    Figures 12 to 15 show examples of possible configurations for the analysis phases of the marine subsoil. Each of these configurations includes two training vessels each towing two seismic streamers to form an array of four seismic streamers. The number of seismic flutes of the network and the number of seismic flutes per training vessel is given by way of example and in a nonlimiting manner.
    FIG. 12 shows a network comprising four seismic streamers 31, 32, 33 and 34 dragged by two training vessels 5 and 6. The communications 115 between the acoustic beacons are shown in fine lines. A source ship 2a is positioned forward of the seismic streamers between the training vessels 5 and 6.
    The first training ship 5 tows two flutes 31 and 32 each attached to a buoy 3a or 3b at their rear end. The second training vessel 6 tows two flutes 33 and 34 whose rear end remains immersed and free, that is to say without buoy. The number of flutes per training vessel can also be increased or decreased. It can also provide one or more other training vessels 6 whose rear ends remain immersed and free, as shown in Figure 12a. FIG. 12a shows a configuration showing all the elements of FIG. 12, the configuration of FIG. 12a further comprising three training vessels 6a, 6b or respectively 6c each carrying a geographical positioning marker 76a, 76b or respectively 76c and pulling each two seismic flutes 33a and 34b, 33b and 34b or respectively 33c and 34c whose rear ends remain immersed and free, that is to say without buoys.
    The tail buoys 3a and 3b each comprise a geographical location beacon 70a and 70b making it possible to precisely locate the rear end of these seismic streamers. A single buoy may also be used, the buoy comprising an acoustic beacon for relative positioning of each of the rear ends.
    The training vessels 5 and 6 also each include a marker 75 and 76 of geographical location. The source ship also includes a location marker 78.
    The geographical location beacons are, for example, satellite location beacons, for example of the GPS (Global Positioning System) type.
    The flute tail buoy or buoys allow the rear ends of the set of flutes to be positioned geographically accurately while the training vessels also allow a precise geographical location of their front end. The combination with the relative positions allows a precise positioning of the whole network and the source (s). The source ship 2a can also be used to tow one or more flutes. For example, the laboratory vessel is the source vessel.
    Figure 13 shows a network comprising four seismic streamers 33, 34, 35 and 36 dragged by two training vessels 6a and 6b. The communications 115 between the acoustic beacons are represented in fine lines. A source ship 2a is positioned forward of the seismic streamers between the training vessels 6a and 6b.
    Each training vessel 6a and 6b draws two flutes 33, 34 and 35, 36 whose rear ends 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b remain submerged and free, that is to say without buoys. One or more other training vessels may also be provided. The number of flutes per training vessel can also be increased or decreased.
    A positioning vessel 4 is disposed behind the network of seismic streamers 33 to 36. This positioning vessel 4 comprises a geographical location marker 74 and an acoustic beacon 73 allowing relative positioning of each of the rear ends 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b.
    The training vessels 6a and 6b each also include a location marker 76a and 76b. The source ship 2a also includes a location marker 78.
    The positioning vessel 4, placed behind, makes it possible to locate geographically precisely the rear ends 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b of all the flutes while the training vessels 6a and 6b also allow an accurate geographical location of their front end. The combination with the relative positions allows a precise positioning of the whole network and the source (s). Again the source ship 2a can also be used to tow one or more flutes. For example, the laboratory vessel is the source vessel.
    Fig. 14 shows a network comprising four seismic streamers 33, 34, 35 and 36 dragged by two training vessels 6a and 6b. The communications 115 between the acoustic beacons are represented in fine lines. A source ship 2a is positioned behind the seismic flutes.
    Each training vessel 6a and 6b tows two flutes 33, 34 and 35, 36 whose rear ends remain immersed and free, that is to say without buoys. Again, one or more other training vessels can also be provided. The number of flutes per training vessel can also be increased or decreased.
    The source ship 2b disposed behind the network of seismic streamers 33 to 36, comprises a geographical location beacon 74 and an acoustic beacon 73 allowing relative positioning of each of the rear ends 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b.
    The training vessels 6a and 6b each also include a location marker 76a and 76b.
    The source ship 2b makes it possible to geographically locate in a precise manner the rear ends 13a, 13b, 16a and 16b of the set of flutes while the training vessels 6a and 6b allow a precise geographical location of their front end. The combination with the relative positions allows a precise positioning of the whole network and the source (s). Here again the source ship 2a is for example the laboratory ship.
    Figure 15 shows a network comprising four seismic streamers 33, 34, 35 and 36 dragged by two training vessels 6a and 6b. The communications 115 between the acoustic beacons are represented in fine lines. A source ship 2a is positioned forward of the seismic streamers between the training vessels 6a and 6b. Another source ship 2b is positioned behind the seismic flutes. Again, each training vessel 6a and 6b tows two flutes 33, 34 and 35, 36 whose rear ends remain immersed and free, that is to say without buoys. One or more other training vessels may also be provided. The number of flutes per training vessel can also be increased or decreased. The source ship 2a can also be used to tow one or more flutes.
    The source ship 2b disposed behind the network of seismic streamers 33 to 36, comprises a location marker 74 and an acoustic beacon 73 for relative positioning of each of the rear ends.
    The training vessels 6a and 6b each also include a location marker 76a and 76b. The source ship 2a ahead of the seismic streamers also includes a geographical positioning beacon 78.
    The rear source vessel 2b makes it possible to precisely locate the rear ends of all the flutes geographically while the training vessels 6a and 6b allow a precise geographical location of their front end. The combination with the relative positions allows, here again, a precise positioning of the whole network and the source (s). The laboratory vessel may be one of the source vessels 2a or 2b.
    Thus the fact of using several training vessels does not penalize the acquisition of the data nor the precision of the positioning of the seismic flutes. The number of flutes is not limiting. For example, a network of forty flutes drawn by twenty training vessels can be used. One can also use a network of thirty seismic flutes drawn by thirty training ships or ten training ships. Preferably a training vessel is used for two flutes. Flutes may also be driven by a source ship in cases where the latter is located between the training vessels.
    For the preparation of the turn, the seismic flutes are positioned at different depths from one training vessel to another. The deepest flutes are notably devoid of tail buoys. The order in which ships begin their turn corresponds to the decreasing depths of one ship to another. Two ships thus cross at the same point one after the other so as to avoid a collision between the ships and also a collision of the second ship with the beginning of the seismic flute of the first one, which is not yet at depth. set for crossing. The depth of the seismic flute is gradually increasing from the training vessel to the depth set specifically for crossings. The second training vessel and its seismic flute, sufficiently behind the first training vessel, thus pass over the seismic streamer of the first training ship. The same configuration can be used for each successive crossing, a training vessel that can pass over several stepped flutes.
    The training vessels are preferably longitudinally offset one behind the other, from one side to the other of the network of flutes, to facilitate their turn. Ships can also be placed one behind the other depending on their turn start order.
    Figures 16a, 16b and 16c show an example of positioning flutes before a turn respectively according to a top view, a rear view and a side view. Each training ship 65, 66, 67 or 68 tows a flute 37, 38, 39 or 40. The forwardmost ship 68 tows a flute 40 at the deepest depth P22, for example at 40m. The second vessel 67, back from the first ship 68, tows a flute 39 to a lesser depth P21, for example 30m. The third ship 66, behind the second ship 67, tows a flute 38 to a lesser depth P20, for example 20m. The fourth ship 65, back from the third ship 66, tows a flute 37 to a lesser depth P19, for example 10m.
    The flutes are all devoid of tail buoys.
    The number of vessels such as the number of seismic flutes per ship is given by way of example and in a nonlimiting manner. The order given to the training ships corresponds to their order of passage. The order of passage may also correspond to their position before the turn.
    FIGS. 17a, 17b and 17c show another example of positioning the flutes before a turn respectively according to a view from above, a rear view and a side view. Each training ship 65, 66, 67 or 68 tows two flutes 41 and 42, 43 and 44, 45 and 46 or 47 and 48. The forwardmost ship 68 tows two flutes 47 and 48 at the deepest depth P22. important, for example to 40m. The second ship 67, behind the first, tows two flutes 45 and 46 to a lesser depth P21, for example 30m. The third ship 66, back from the second ship 67, tows two flutes 43 and 44 to a still smaller depth P20, for example 20m. The fourth ship 65, in relation to the third ship 66, tows two flutes 41 and 42 to a lesser depth P19, for example 10 meters. In addition these two flutes 41 and 42 are each attached to a tail buoy 3a or 3b.
    The vessel towing the flute attached to a tail buoy or towing several flutes each attached to a tail buoy starts its turn last, the depth or depths of her or his flutes being less than that of the flutes towed by neighboring vessels. . Thus one or more buoys are associated with the flutes towed by the same ship, the seismic flutes towed by the other ships being devoid of tail buoys. Again, the number of vessels and the number of seismic flutes per ship is given by way of example and in a non-limiting manner.
    Figures 18a, 18b and 18c show another example of positioning flutes before a turn respectively according to a top view, a rear view and a side view. Each training ship 65, 66, 67 or 68 tows two flutes 49 and 50, 51 and 52, 53 and 54 or 55 and 56. The forwardmost ship 68 tows two flutes 55 and 56 at two depths P26a and P26b the most important, for example at 45m and 40m. The second ship 67, behind the first ship 68, tows two flutes 53 and 54 at two depths P25a and P25b less, for example 35m and 30m. The third ship 66, behind the second ship 67, tows two flutes 51 and 52 at two depths P24a and P24b less, for example 25m and 20m. The fourth ship 65, behind the third ship 66, tows two flutes 49 and 50 at two depths P23a and P23b even lower, for example 15m and 10m. In addition, these two flutes 49 and 50 are each attached to a tail buoy 3a or 3b.
    As shown in Figure 18b, all the flutes are stepped at different increasing depths from the flute 49 to the flute 56. The flute 49 can be inside the bend and the flute 56 outside the bend. Conversely, the flute 49 may be outside the bend and the flute 56 inside the bend. Examples of turns will be detailed later. Again, the number of vessels such as the number of seismic streamers per vessel is given by way of example and in a nonlimiting manner.
    Figures 19a, 19b and 19c show another example of positioning flutes before a turn respectively in a top view, a rear view and a side view. Each training ship 65, 66, 67 or 68 tows two flutes 57 and 58, 59 and 60, 61 and 62 or 63 and 64. The forwardmost ship 68 tows two flutes 63 and 64 at the two depths P2 6a and P26b the most important, for example at 45m and 40m. The second ship 67, behind the first ship 68, tows two flutes 61 and 62 at two depths P25a and P25b less, for example 35m and 30m. The third ship 66, behind the second ship 67, tows two flutes 59 and 60 at two depths P24a and P24b less, for example 25m and 20m. The fourth ship 65, behind the third ship 66, tows two flutes 57 and 58 at two depths P23a and P23b less, for example 15m and 10m.
    As shown in Fig. 19b, all the flutes are stepped at different increasing depths from the flute 57 to the flute 64. The flute 57 can be inside the bend and the flute 64 outside the bend. Conversely, the flute 57 may be outside the turn and the flute 64 inside the turn.
    Once again, the number of flutes and the number of flute (s) per training vessel is given for information only and in a nonlimiting manner.
    According to the examples shown in FIGS. 16c, 17c, 18c and 19c, the most forward ship is the one for which the flute (s) are tuned to the most important depths and it is this ship that starts the turn first. This corresponds to preferred configurations according to the invention, but it is also possible to leave the vessels at the same level, before they cross, without departing from the scope of the invention. The vessels can also be arranged in a different position, the training vessels starting their turn according to the depth of their flutes, in descending order. The vessel towing a flute equipped with a buoy is the last to start its turn and passes over all other staged seismic flutes at the point of intersection.
    Figures 20 to 26 show different turning patterns according to the invention. The flutes towed by the training vessels 65, 66, 67 and 68 can be configured in accordance with the description made in connection with FIGS. 16 to 19. The continuous lines correspond to the trajectories of the shallow flutes and the most dashed lines. small correspond to the trajectories of the deepest flutes.
    In Fig. 20, the first training ship 68 at the greater depth passes first at the point of intersection 120 followed by the second training ship 67, then the third 66 and finally the fourth 65.
    Only the training vessels and their trajectory have been represented for the sake of schema simplification. The fleet moves from a configuration 121 with the first leading training vessel to a configuration 122 with also the first training vessel in the lead. The first training vessel is always inside the turn and ahead of the others before each turn.
    The flutes are for example brought to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The training vessels are then brought into a configuration 123 with the first training vessel in the lead, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively to the crossing point 125 to arrive in the configuration 124 at the end of the turn.
    The flutes are brought back to the same depth, for example, and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new analysis phase.
    In each configuration 121, 122, 123 or 124 the same vessel corresponds to the first, second, third or fourth training vessel.
    Figure 21 shows two turns for a fleet of training vessels. The configurations 121, 122, 123 and 124 of the training vessels are the same as those described in FIG. 20 as well as the cross points 120 and 125. One difference is that the last training vessel 65 is associated with a or several buoys 3 at the rear end of his or her seismic flutes. The vessel associated with the tail buoy is thus the last to pass at crossing points 120 and 125.
    In Fig. 22, the fleet moves from a configuration 121 with the first leading training vessel to a configuration 122 with also the first leading training vessel.
    The flutes are for example brought to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The first training vessel is always inside the turn but the positions of the ships are changed before each turn. The first and fourth training vessels are swapped and the second and third training vessels are swapped.
    The training vessels are thus brought into a configuration 126 with a new first training vessel at the head, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively at the crossing point 127 to arrive in the exit configuration 124 with the leading training vessel.
    The flutes are then brought back for example to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new phase of analysis.
    The first and fourth training vessels are again switched and the second and third training vessels are again switched to begin the next turn.
    Figure 23 shows two turns with the first training vessel, ie pulling the flute to the greatest depth, inside the turn. The fourth training vessel carrying one or more buoys is systematically moved out of the turn. So we have a repositioning of the fourth training ship and a swapping of the first and third training ships before each turn of the fleet.
    The fleet moves from a configuration 121 with the first leading training vessel to a configuration 122 with also the first training vessel in the lead.
    The flutes are for example brought to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The fourth training vessel is positioned outside and the heights of the flutes are adjusted in accordance with the order of the training vessels by exchanging the first and third training vessels.
    The training vessels are thus brought into a configuration 129 with a first training vessel at the head and inside the turn, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively at the crossover point 130 to arrive in the turn-off configuration 131 with the first training ship at the head and outside the turn.
    The flutes are then brought back for example to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new phase of analysis.
    The fourth training ship is again shifted out of the turn and the third and first training ships are swapped again before the next turn.
    In the turns shown in Fig. 24, the first training vessel is disposed outside the turn and the fourth training vessel is disposed therein.
    The fleet moves from a configuration 132 with the first leading training vessel to a configuration 134 with also the first training vessel in the lead but on the inside with respect to the next turn.
    The flutes are for example brought to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The first training vessel is always outside the turn but the positions of the ships are switched before each turn. The first and fourth training vessels are swapped and the second and third training vessels are also swapped.
    The training vessels are thus brought into a configuration 135 with a new first training vessel at the head and outside the turn, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively to the crossing point 136 to arrive in the configuration 137 at the end of the turn.
    The flutes are brought back to the same depth, for example, and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new analysis phase.
    The first and fourth training vessels are again switched and the second and third training vessels are again switched before the next turn.
    In Fig. 25, the training vessels keep the same position from one turn to the other, the first training vessel always being positioned outside the turn.
    The fleet moves from configuration 132 with the first leading and outboard training vessel to a configuration 134 also with the first training vessel in the lead and outboard with respect to the next turn. The ships pass successively at the crossing point 133.
    The flutes, for example, are then brought back to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The training vessels are then brought into a configuration 138 with the same first training vessel in the lead, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively at the crossing point 139 to arrive in the configuration 140 at the end of the turn.
    The flutes are brought back to the same depth, for example, and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new analysis phase.
    Figure 26 shows two turns where the ships keep their turn order for each turn but where the first training ship is successively in the lead and out of the turn then at the head and inside of the turn. The fourth training vessel tows a tail buoy and is successively inside and outside each turn.
    The fleet moves from a configuration 132 with the first training ship at the head and out, to a configuration 134 with the first training ship in the lead but also inboard with respect to the next turn. The ships pass successively at the crossing point 133.
    The flutes are for example brought to the same depth and the training vessels at the same level, before starting an analysis phase.
    The training vessels are then brought into a configuration 141 with the same first training vessel at the head and inside, the flutes being stepped. The training vessels pass successively to the crossing point 142 to arrive at the exit configuration 143 where the first training vessel is at the head and outside with respect to the next turn.
    The flutes are brought back to the same depth, for example, and the training vessels at the same level before starting a new analysis phase.
    It should be obvious to those skilled in the art that the present invention allows other embodiments. Therefore, the present embodiments should be considered as illustrating the invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (14)
    [1" id="c-fr-0001]
    A method for analyzing the marine subsoil (1) in which: at least one source vessel (2a) emits seismic pulses reflected from the sea bed and the subsoil layers, the reflected seismic pulses are detected, during analysis phases, by a plurality of seismic streamers (31, 32, 33, 34) immersed and towed next to each other, - the seismic streamers are located geographically by a geographical location device (70a, 70b, 75, 76, 78), the seismic streamers are located relative to one another by a relative positioning device comprising acoustic beacons (7 to 18) arranged along each seismic streamer, characterized in that a plurality of training ships (5, 6), separate from said source ship (2a), each pull at least one of said seismic flutes, the seismic flutes being drawn, at least during turns of the training vessels, to at least one determined quantity (P19 to P22) distinct from one training vessel to another so as to allow a crossing of at least two seismic streamers, towed by separate training vessels, one above the other 'other.
    [2" id="c-fr-0002]
    2. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to claim 1, characterized in that the analysis phases in a straight line are made between two bends, the training vessels (65 to 68) being offset longitudinally in front of each other. the others according to their order of starting the turn, prior to each turn, the seismic flutes immersed and towed next to each other then being positioned at stepped depths (P19, P20, P21, P22) of a training vessel at the other and at decreasing depths from the first training ship (68) starting the turn, to the last training ship (65) starting the turn.
    [3" id="c-fr-0003]
    3. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to claim 2, characterized in that prior to each turn, the seismic flutes towed by the same training vessel are also positioned at stepped depths (P23a, P23b, P24a, P24b, P25a, P25b, P26a, P2b) at increasing or decreasing depths from the outermost flute to the innermost flute.
    [4" id="c-fr-0004]
    4. A method of analyzing the marine subsoil according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that prior to each turn, the training vessels (65 to 68) are offset longitudinally by a successive offset from the outer flute turn on the inner flute at the turn.
    [5" id="c-fr-0005]
    5. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that prior to each turn, at least the flute (41, 49) immersed at the smallest depth is attached to a trailing buoy (3a) carrying a first geographical location beacon (70) realizing a geographical location of the rear end (71) of said flute.
    [6" id="c-fr-0006]
    6. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the seismic flutes (31 to 36) are located geographically at least by the location of a plurality of second beacons (75). 76), each located in one of the training vessels (5, 6).
    [7" id="c-fr-0007]
    7. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the seismic flutes are located geographically by: - relative positioning of acoustic beacons (13a, 13b, 16a, 16b) disposed at rear ends of the flutes (33, 34, 35, 36) with respect to at least one acoustic beacon (73) carried by at least one location vessel (2b, 4), distinct from the training vessels, such as the source ship and, geographical location of at least one third location marker (74) disposed in said location vessel (2b, 4).
    [8" id="c-fr-0008]
    8. Method for analyzing the marine subsoil according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least two seismic streamers (31, 32 or 33, 34) are separated from each other by at least one supporting wing (101, 102 or 103, 104) so as to produce a low drag and can be towed by the training vessels (5 or 6) each having a gross tonnage of less than 500 UMS.
    [9" id="c-fr-0009]
    9. Marine subsoil analysis system (1) comprising: - at least one source ship (2a) for emitting seismic pulses reflected from the sea floor and the layers of the subsoil, - a plurality seismic flutes (31, 32, 33, 34) immersed and drawn side by side to receive the reflected seismic pulses, - a geographic location device (70a, 70b, 75, 76, 78) of the seismic flutes and - a relative positioning device comprising a plurality of acoustic beacons (7 to 18) for locating the seismic streamers relative to each other, the acoustic beacons being arranged along each seismic streamer, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of separate training vessels (5, 6) from said source vessel and each towing at least one of said seismic streamers, each training vessel comprising a depth control member of said towed flute arranged to adjust at least one determined depth (P19 to P22) distinctly from one training vessel to another at least during the turns of the training vessels so as to allow a crossing of at least two seismic streamers, drawn by separate training vessels, one above the other.
    [10" id="c-fr-0010]
    10. A marine subsoil analysis system according to claim 9, characterized in that each training vessel tows at least two seismic streamers (31, 32 or 33, 34) spaced apart from one another by least one load-bearing wing (101, 102 or 103, 104) so as to produce a low drag and can be towed by the training vessels (5 or 6) each having a gross tonnage of less than 500 UMS.
    [11" id="c-fr-0011]
    11. System for analyzing the marine subsoil according to claim 10, characterized in that said depth control member is arranged to adjust, at stepped depths, said two seismic streamers towed by the same vessel. at least during the turns of the training vessels, the flutes being adjusted to increasing depths (P23a, P23b, P24a, P24b, P25a, P25b, P26a, P26b) from the outside of the turn to the inside the bend.
    [12" id="c-fr-0012]
    12. marine subsoil analysis system according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that at least one of the flutes (41, 49) is attached to a tail buoy carrying a first location beacon (70), the depth of this flute (41, 49) being adjusted at least at least during turns.
    [13" id="c-fr-0013]
    13. The marine subsoil analysis system according to one of claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the geographical location device comprises a plurality of second location markers (75, 76) each disposed in one of the vessels drive (5, 6, 6a, 6b).
    [14" id="c-fr-0014]
    14. The marine subsoil analysis system according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the geographical location device comprises a third location marker (74) of at least one rear end (13a, 13b, 16a, 16b) of one of the seismic streamers, said third beacon being disposed in a location vessel (2b, 4) separate from the training vessels, such as the source ship, the location vessel comprising an acoustic beacon ( 73) of relative positioning of the rear ends of the seismic flutes each equipped with one of the acoustic beacons at their rear end.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    US20170153345A1|2017-06-01|
    EP3173824B1|2018-09-12|
    EP3173824A1|2017-05-31|
    FR3044427B1|2018-01-05|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1999034238A1|1997-12-30|1999-07-08|Western Atlas International, Inc.|Marine seismic system|
    WO2000067046A1|1999-05-03|2000-11-09|Baker Hughes Incorporated|Marine seismic tow system with separate tow means capable of independent movement|
    WO2013063352A1|2011-10-28|2013-05-02|Geco Technology B.V.|Methods and systems for survey designs|
    US7400552B2|2006-01-19|2008-07-15|Westerngeco L.L.C.|Methods and systems for efficiently acquiring towed streamer seismic surveys|GB2554131A|2016-06-29|2018-03-28|Pgs Geophysical As|Performing geophysical surveys using unmanned tow vessels|
    US10479455B2|2016-06-29|2019-11-19|Pgs Geophysical As|Performing geophysical surveys using unmanned tow vessels|
    CN107942391B|2017-10-30|2019-10-11|中国石油天然气集团公司|A kind of seabed geophone station localization method and device|
    法律状态:
    2016-11-28| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2017-06-02| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20170602 |
    2017-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2019-11-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 5 |
    2020-11-30| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1502488|2015-11-30|
    FR1502488A|FR3044427B1|2015-11-30|2015-11-30|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF MARINE BASEMENT|FR1502488A| FR3044427B1|2015-11-30|2015-11-30|METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ANALYSIS OF MARINE BASEMENT|
    EP16200068.1A| EP3173824B1|2015-11-30|2016-11-22|Method and system for analysing the seabed|
    US15/365,121| US20170153345A1|2015-11-30|2016-11-30|Process and system for analysis of the seabed|
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